Impact of Revenue Generated via Composting and Recycling of Wastes Produced in the Greenhouse Tomato Supply Chain on Reducing Income Inequality: A Case Study of Türkiye

Investigating the potential impacts of composting and recycling wastes on income distribution is crucial to promote a fairer more sustainable fresh tomato supply chain (FTSC). Therefore, this study aims explore generating extra from tomatoes waste generated along FTSC, analyze impact that reducing inequality among FTSC actors. Data were collected 136 greenhouse producers, 60 wholesalers, 18 exporters, 120 domestic retailers, 22 overseas 3 facilities in Türkiye. Marketing cost, absolute marketing margin, relative margin net profit used economically FTSCs. Research results showed share producers decreased with increasing number intermediaries. Additionally, revenue product loss increased welfare than other When taking into account wastes, by 9.85% at first while it 8.29% 9.21% second third FTSCs, respectively, compared prevailing conditions. The retailers benefitted via wholesalers exporters. However, gain was when ones. Close cooperation between essential for effective implementation initiatives. Organizing training education programs focused management can increase active intermediaries FTSCs generate wastes. Offering financial incentives, grants, or subsidies encourage actors within adopt practices. Continuous research innovation are identifying developing new technologies, processes, strategies minimize food waste. Introducing fair-trade practices may help balance